Liquid supply system



Nov. 24, 1936.

FIG. I.

C. F. BECKWITH El' AL LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM' Filed Dec. 1a, 192s;

6 Sheets-Sheet 11 Nov. 24, 1936.

C. F. BECKWITH ET AL LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed Dec. 18, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 CHARLES .E BEC/fW/TH GASOL//VE vNov. 24, 1936. c. F. BECKWIH i-:T Al.`

LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed Dec. 18, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 7 7 W 6 Z 5 bww s H G L wN I SLR.. MEM 6 6 Ll 06H 5 .0 6 H U f. mm HHC. 7 A al AC 2 N M 7 fv 1111 I |T V J 5 L. Y 7 w .J 7 l i., q !w m q `M Wl 8 8 o 8 8 'Nbw 24, 1936. c. F. BECKWITH ET AL 2,061,508-

LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed Dec. 18, 1929 A e sheets-sheet 4 minimali/tm@ l @www c. F. BEcKWn-H ET AL 2,061,608

LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM Nav. 24, 1936.

Filed Dec. 18,. `1929 6 sheets-sheet 5 S /0 all-v /O 8 .0 8|. 8 5 ,MM5 nl.' cv 7 @IUT 2,7 Gl

80 CHA/nfs f. @mmf/TH lul i/ C. F. BECKWITH ET AL Nov. 24, 1936.

LIQUID SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed Dec. 18, 1929 6 ,Sheets-Sheet 6 WATER L32, i v

Patented Nov. 24, 1936 UNITED STATES o PATENT Aori-'ics 2,061,608 LIQUIDv SUPPLY s Ys'rEM United states Application December 18, 1929, Serial No. 414,866 17 claims. (ci. 13u-ss) 'I'his invention relates to liquid handling, dispensing r supplyr systems for all purposes. More especially, the invention relates to systems for handling gasoline, oil, or any other fuel,.or in fact any liquid which hereinafter will be generally termed fuel, and for feeding such fuel to motor vehicles, but more particularly for feeding fuel by gravity to one or any number of internal combustion engines operating on test and being adjusted and run in.

Among other things, an object-is to produce a safe gravityfeed liquid or fuel supply system' for factories; laboratories, testing plants, dynamome- .ters and the like whereby a, liquid or liquid fuel such as gasoline may be safely and positively supplied under a constant head and hence a uniform pressure to one or more engines running on test and which is incident to the manufacture of internal combustion engines on a production scale. In the mass production of internal combustion engines, it is necessary to run in, test and adjust the engines on a large scale or in large numbers, and this work is usually performed on a varying number of engines simultaneously running. It is necessary therefore that an efficient fuel supply system or apparatus be provided, one which is flexible and easy in its adjustment and which will positively feed fuel equally well to a small or large number of engines and never fail, despite the fact that the rate of consumption may vary to a large extent due tothe varying numbers of engines being run in, tested and adjusted, preliminary to release for sale or assembly in automotive vehicles to which they are adapted;

9 a safety shut-off or cut-off valve means which is sensitive to either an over or under supply of liquid fuel, and even sensitive to a leak or other waste- It is therefore an object to produce a gravity- 4feed liquid supply apparatus which includesv inow piping running from a storage tank to a relatively smalloverhead receptacle and discharge A furthe;` and particular object of the invention is to provide, in a piping system leading from a storage tank through the gravity-feed supply receptacle or system to the 'place of consumption,

in the discharge pipe or vent pipe line. Hence when any @Whose abnormal conditions develop,

the safety cut-off means acts to close the inflow pipe through which the liquid is pumped or other-i wise elevated from a storage tank to the overhead gravity-feed supply receptacle.

Another object is to provide an felectric circuit and switch means for controlling the pumping of liquid from a storage tank up to the liquid supply apparatus or small size gravity-feed Vreceptacle whereby the pumping means stops operation simultaneously with the closure of the heretofore mentioned safety cut-off valve. To this end, there is provided a joint switch andcut-off valve operating means which opens a switch. to stop operation of the electrically operated pump or hydraulic elevating means simultaneously with the closing of the safety Valve in the inflow pipe. 'I'his arrangement removes all liquid pressure from the piping system' and mak'es for safety. The safety factor. is further increased b y a second switch in series with the first in the electric power line and either switch insures the stopping of the electric pump or hydraulic pumping means when the pipe therefrom is closed to stop the ilow of liquid. Ihe' apparatus is therefore inherently safe and is operative to stop the liquid ow should either one of the switches break, stick or other- A wise fail to open the electric circuit which controls the pumping means.

This fuel supply system may be quickly adjusted at its flow-regulator valve, reset and again started in operation to compensate for the increased r decreased consumption of fuel as the case may be, but the very necessity for vthat adjustment and restarting of the apparatus enables thel operator or tester to detect a leak in the pipe system running to the point of consumption if a leak has occurred, or enables the operator to adjust the apparatus so that the rate of fuel inflow to the overhead receiving chamber and the discharge rate therefrom `is about equal. It unequaL-the vautom'atic controlling devices of this invention become active due to the differential or inequality of flow between the inflow pipe and discharge pipe already explained, and such accombined so that the valve and switch or switchesA work in unison, and the safety cut-oil valve closes when a switch opens land vice versa., This combination valve and switch means function under either of two conditions; first, when the rate of liquid supply exceeds the rate of consumption, or when the rate of consumption exceeds that of the supply. In either event, the apparatus automatically operates and positively stops the flow of fuel from a storage tank upwardly through a feed line to the receiving or small storage chamber of limited capacity.

The invention also comprehends and it is an object to provide a liquid handling apparatus wherein a float in the overhead gravity-feed receptacle opens a switch at high or low level position, which switch controls a remotely located hydraulic-pumping or liquid-elevating means, the normally-open self-closing valve heretofore mentioned being omitted from the piping system but nevertheless providing an efficient apparatus, although for highly inflammable fuels, such as gasoline, it is preferred to employ the safety cut-off valve.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein one or more examples are shown and it is understood that changes in construction necessarily may be made without departing from the principles involved. The drawings in reality first show a diagram in Figure 1 to illustrate the principles involved where the switch means and a self-closing valve is used, and then show one preferred example of construction beginning with Figure 2 and running through Figure 11, followed by another diagram in Figure l2 showing the apparatus with the safety cut-off valve omitted.

Figure 1 is a diagram of the invention with its immediate and accessory parts laid out in operative relation. This view shows the combination electrical and mechanical control comprising an interconnected valve and switch which constitutes a double positive control or liquid flow shut-off, all of which is sensitive to a change in liquid level in the gravity-feed receiving chamber. The diagram shows the various operating liquid levels, for example, (l) is high-safety shut-off level above which the liquid cannot rise; (2) is low-safety shut-off level below which the liquid cannot fall; (3) is the normal liquid level which is that position automatically held by the liquid surface in the chamber when the balance between the rate of consumption and rate of inflow is properly gaugedY and adjusted by a flow-regulator valve to be equal; and (4) is the operating range throughout which the liquid level may vary without causing the apparatus to automatically stop the inflow of liquid to the overhead receiving chamber. A bulk storage tank (usually underground) and pumping means are shown at the bottom of the view and from which the liquid supply apparatus receives its fuel to be dispensed. No liquid fuelis assumed to be in the gravity-feed chamb'er in Figure 1 and consequently the oat is down to the low-safety shut-off level limit (2) and the circuit is open.

Figures 2 through 11 show one preferred form of construction and are presented, in addition to the diagram in Figures 1 and 12, as showing special structural features of one concrete embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of the apparatus with the parts positioned at normaloperating level,

. `i. e., the position or level line (3) in Figure 1,

which means that the rate of liquid supply or inflow upwardly to the receiving chamber is about the same rate as the consumption thereof from a discharge pipe leading from the chamber to the engines or other place of consumption. A bulk storage tank is also shown together with the inflow pipe connected thereto, as well as hydraulic pumping means to force the liquid from the tank up to the receptacle and apparatus, from which the liquid feeds downwardly by gravity under a predetermined head or pressure to the place of use.

In both Figures 1 and 2, an electric circuit connects the apparatus with a-pumping means and the invention provides automatic means for breaking this circuit to stop the pumping of liquid when too pronounced a difference in rate of flow is reached in an inflow and discharge pipe leading to and from the apparatus.

Figure 3 shows a detached view of a latch and release therefor which normally holds open a power-operated self-closing safety valve to retain the latter in normal manually set-open position ready -to beautomatically closed by a weight, a spring, an electric motor or other power means arranged to close the valve. The position of the parts are the same as in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view through the overhead gravity-feed chamber of the apparatus taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary top or plan view as developed on the line 5 5 of Figure 2 showing operating connections between a oat and a switch which is both opened andiclosed by `the float or other equivalent means which is sensitive to a difference in rate of flow between the supply and consumption.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a normally-open self-closing power-operated safety cut-off valve mounted in the intake pipe between the large underground storage tank and the smaller size overhead gravity-feed receiving chamber of the apparatus and the valve is shown open.

Figure 7 is a detached plan-assembly view of the safety valve and its latch and trip control devices carried on a bracket which is removed from the receiving gravity-feed chamber.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of a manually-adjustable flow-regulator valve by which an operator adjusts the rate of inflow to equal that of the discharge.

Figure 9 shows a side view of the apparatus at low-safety shut-off level, position (2), and hence in that tripped or operated position assumed when the rate of liquid consumption is greater than the inflow or feed from storage to the receiving chamber.

Figure 10 shows the position of the apparatus at high-safety shut-off level. The device has already functioned to open all switches and cause the safety valve to close due to a greater inflow of fuel to the receiving chamber than discharge therefrom and is the reverse condition of that shown in Figure 9.

Figure 11 shows a side view with the parts at low-liquid level but still within the normal operating range, position (4). If the liquid level lowers further, the apparatus will trip and inflow thereto will stop.

Figure 12 is a diagram vof the invention in its simplest form in that the safety valve is omitted from the vinflow pipe line but a float opens a switch at either high-liquid or low-liquid level to stop the flow upwardly from the storage tank to the gravity-feed receptacle.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings for a detailed description of the invention and first describing Figure 1, there is shown what `may be called a receiving or gravity-feed storage chamber 5 of limited capacity into which is received any liquid, and particularly a liquid fuel to be handled or dispensed, and from whichthe fuel is fed or discharged to engines running on to the receiving or gravity-feed chamber 5, and

this is ordinarily accomplished by use of a hydraulic-ow system or by a motor driven pump as desired and is generally referred to herein as pumping means. In Figure 1 a pump 9 is driven by a-motor I Il and forces liquid fuel upwardly through the inflow pipe 6, through the normallyopen safety valve 1, and through a sealed man-V ually-adjustable flow-balance or flow-regulatorV val-ve I3 (detailed in Figure 8) to maintain a constant head or level and hence a constantly uniform pressure of liquid fuel in the chamber 5 which is adapted to be fed downwardly by 4 gravity through a discharge pipe II which connects with the consuming apparatus, such as an engine or other using means drawing liquid' from the temporary storagegravity-feed chamber 5. The valve 1 as stated is a normally-open valve and it automatically closes when the head or level of fuel in the chamber 5 moves out of, either above or below, its normal operating range position (4).

The safety cut-off self-closing valve is shown in Figure 6 and its valve housing 1 is interconnected in the pipe line 6 with a valve disc or head 2I interposed between the two connecting pipe ends 6 to open and close a passage through the valve. A spring or other power means 28 is normally tensioned to exert a closing force against the valve disc 2| to close the flow through the pipe 6. An operating shaft 29 is journaled in the valve housing 1 and carries an arm 36 operatively engaging a valve stem 31 on which the spring closed valve disc 2| is carried, By manually rotating the shaft 29 clockwise,` it is apparent that the valve disc 2| is lshifted to the right against the tension of the spring 28, thereby opening the valve which4 ordinarily is done manually by swinging a handle fill.` fixed to the rock shaft 29 A lock-open latch or retaining means 34 holds the valve disc 2l in open position against the pressure of the spring' or other power closing means, as will be more fully understood when that part of the construction is reached for delabove the levelsof the point of consumption so that a restricted amount .of fuel is/on hand to spill or; waste. in case of a leak in either the dis-i charge pipe I I or intake pipe 6, or at one or more of vthe engines. Since the chamber 5 is of limited capacity, it is desirable that the rate of flow through the pipe system 6--II be equalized, i. e., equal in each pipe, 6 and II. In case. therate of reception of fuel through inflowpipe 6 to the gravity-feed chamber 5 is greater than the rate of consumption thereof out through discharge pipe II, it is apparent that the chamber 5 would overflow and hence waste fuel through its vent pipe I2, thereby increasing. the flre hazard.

On the other hand, if the foregoing condition is reversed and the consumption of fuel from discharge pipe II is greater lthan the inow of supply through pipe 6, it follows that the engines or other consuming apparatus at the end of said discharge pipe II then failto receive an adequate supply of liquid. Such possibility of failure is very undesirable because on test runs and v especially endurance, there must be no let up of 'valve to insure adequate .fuel ow for an increased` consumption. Likewise, an#4 accident causing a leak somewhere in the discharge pipe II constitutes a heavy Ior, abnormal draw of fuel froml the gravity-feed chamber 5 and thus again the discharge is greater than therate of reception. Under all of these conditions, the automatic control apparatus of. this invention func-- tions to positivelystop the inow of fuel from the storage tank 8 up to the gravity-feed receiving chamber 5. v

For the reasons stated there must be a well balanced rate of flow, which is attained by a proper adjustment of valve I3, as Will be explained, through the piping system 6II, else the supply apparatus automatically stops and refuses to function until the differential in flow is eliminated and this is done by adjustment of the flow-rate or flow-regulator valve I3, the use of which is next described, and an exemplary form of which is shown.'

A detail View of the flow-regulator valve I3 is shown in Figure 8 where I3 is the valve housing connected in the inflow pipe line 6. This flowregulator valve includes a manually screwthreaded adjustment plug I4 which is anchored against displacement by a lock nut screwed down against the plug once the latter is properly set to enlarge orl restrict a flow passage Illa. The housing I3 may be closed by a plug I5 which is secured in place by a seal l5a. When the inflow of fuel upwardly through the pipe 6 is inadequa to supply the consuming apparatus fed from the discharge pipe II, the, adjustment plug .I4 is backed away 'from and enlarges the flow passage IM. On theother hand, when the inflow upwardly through pipe 6 is too greatior the rate of consumption or use iiows downwardly through discharge pipe II, this adjustment plug I4 is screwed toward and closes the flow passage I4. In other words, the flow passageA MB should be properly adjusted so that a balanced condition in rate of flow exists in the piping system 6--II whereby the rate of consumption from pipe I.I

. just equals the rate of inflow through pipe.

There is shown 'Figure l a diagrammatic formof elect-ric circuit I6 supplying current to the motor'l 0 driving the pump 9 and hence pumping liquid from `the storage tank 8- up to the gravity-feed chamber 5. This circuit I6 is underthe control of positive circuit opening and closing means including one or'more switches, prefer.- ably two, so Athat the electric motor I0 is lunfailingly stopped in case an abnormal differential in` rate of flow takes place through the two ypipes 6 and I I due to a leak or change in volume of consumption. In this connection a switch is provided comprising parts I1 and I8, whereof one part |1 may be a fixed contact connected to one side of the circuit |6 and the part i8 may be a slide flexibly connected to the other side of the circuit I6. The circuit I6 is open or broken when the slide I8 moves off either end of the stationary contact I1 and is closed by sliding the two contacts I1 and I8 together from either end of the contact I1. An insulated arm 19 mounts the switch slide I8 in operative position and this arm I9 may be carried on la movable member shown here as a reciprocating rod 2l] under the control of means sensitive to a difference in rate of flow between the inflow pipe t and discharge pipe I I. l Since it is desirable to open the switch Ill- I8 when an abnormal differential in rate of flow occurs between the pipes 6 and Il, some suitable switch-actuating mechanism is necessarily employed and which is sensitive to that difference in rate of flow. Float means is satisfactory for this purpose and to that end the gravity-feed chamber 5 is provided, not only for the operation of the float means but to carry a limited supply of fuel as well so that the latter may be fed by gravity to the point of consumption. An example of a simple type of 'float means comprises a float 22 carried on an arm 23 fixed to a horizontal shaft 24 journaled in the walls of the chamber 5. The float 22 rides on the surface of the liquid fuel in the chamber 5 and the rise and fall thereof swings the free end of an arm 25 up` and down, the other end of the arm 25 being fixed on that end of the shaft 24 which projects through the wall of the chamber 5. The arm 25 is pivotally connected at 21 to the rod 20 which carries the switch slide I8 and is adapted to open and close the switch I1--I8 which opens to break the circuit I5 whether the float 22 rises abnormally high in the chamber 5 or falls abnormally low therein, because the slide I8 is designed to open the circuit I6 by riding off either end of the contact member I1.

'Ihe switch |1|8 is operatively connected with the heretofore mentioned safety cut-off valve 1 by the latch means 34 and related parts. Any suitable form of motor means, such as a weight 3| or compression spring 28 is correlated with the valve 1, in this instance, through a handle 30, for automatically rotating the shaft 29 in an anti-clockwise direction to close said valve 1 when a substantial difference in rate of flow occurs between the pipes 6 and II. A weight 3| and/or spring 28 are combined or used alone as motor means to automatically close the normally-open Valve 1 and by reference to Figures 1 and 6 this isy apparent.

The valve opening handle 30 or shaft 29 carries a catch 32 which is engaged by a hook or notch 33 in the latch 34 pivoted on a frame or stationary pin 35. The engagement of the latching arrangement 32-34 holds the valve-operating shaft 29 in fixed position to restrain or lock the valve 1 open against self closure by the weight 3| or spring 28, constituting what may be termed power or motor means for actuating the valve 1. It is noted vthat release of the latching assembly 32-34 allows the weight 3|, spring 28 or other self-acting motor means, to rotate the' shaft 29 counter-clockwise and hence close the valve 1, thereby positively stopping the upward flow of fuel through the pipe 6 to the chamber 5, and means for automatically effecting that release at the right time will now be described.

amanece The outer free end of the latch 34 is operatively connected with the float means 22 whereby either up or down movement of the liquid level in the chamber 5 causes disengagement of the latching assembly 32-34. '1'0 this end and as a mere example of the construction, the latch 34 is made with a hole 38 through which freely slides the lower end of the switch operating rod 2U. A stop or head, such as a nut or pin 39, is anchored to the lower end of the rod 20 underneath the latch 34, so that upward motion of the rod 2|) draws the head 39 against the latch 34 to lift it and hence disengage the latch notch 33 from the valve hold-open catch 32, thereby enabling the weight 3| to automatically close the safety valve 1 in case the float 22 rises above the normal operating fuel level in the chamber 5.

On the other hand, it is also desirable -to trip the latch 34 and hence cause the valve 1 to close itself when the normal-operating fuel level falls below the proper operating range in the chamber 5. This is accomplished by pivoting an intermediate lever lll on a frame or stationary pin 42. This lever 4| is depressed at one end when the rod moves downwardly and hence tilts upwardly at its left end to indirectly lift the latch 34 in the same manner that it is directly lifted by the rod 2li when the latter lifts. In other words, the latch 34 is released by an upward movement through the agency of the head 39 and lever 4|, regardless of whether the float 22 moves up or down. So soon as the float, and hence the liquid level, moves out of its normal operating range, above or below, the latch 34 releases from the catch 32, aording a self-closing action of the safety cut-ofi' valve 1.

Once the difference in rate of flow between the piping system 5 and II causes an abnormal change of the liquid level in the chamber 5 and hence trips the valve 1 lock-open or retaining means 32-34, the safety valve 1 then remains closed until an operator manually resets and opens it by lifting the handle 30-3I and placing the catch 32 in the latch notch 33 to hold the valve 1 open against the pull of the weight 3| or spring 28. The very necessity for this manual resetting of the gravity-supply apparatus compels the operator to look about for the cause of the automatic stopping of the system, and this insures discovery of a leak or other conditions which should be corrected.

It is also desirable that the circuit I6 positively open and remain so until the apparatus is again started in operation as next above explained for the reason that it is essential that the pumping means B--IIJ be stopped at the same time that the valve 1 is closed. If the motor l0 is not stopped, the pressure of pump 9 on pipe line 6 is a serious hazard because of the likely development of a. leak or other trouble caused by the pump 9 forcing against the closed valve 1. While the neat-operated switch I1|8 is usually adequate, its possible -failure is insured against by use of another or supplementary switch in series tc also open the circuit.

A supplementary switch --46 is therefore placed in the circuit I6 in series with the switch |1-I8. This second switch 45-46 is automatically opened and held open by the closing force of the valve 1, but this switch is manually closed by an attendant and is shown diagrammatically with stationary contacts 45 connected to one side of the electric circuit I6, together with a contacting slide 46 carried on an insulator block 41 mounted on a switch operating link 48. The link Cal acentos 5 48 is vpivotally connected at 49 to an arm 50 integral with thelhandle 30 or otherwise anchored to'` the valve-operating shaft 29. Thisassembly of parts -interconnects the `normallyclosed switch 45-46 :with the normally-open valve 'I so that these two elements are jointly operated and hence when the valve 'I closes, the switch -46 opens and vice versa. It is cleartherefore that once'the pipe line 6 is closed by the valve 1, no liquid pressure occurs in the pipe, and thissis insured by the double circuit opening means provided by the two switches 45-46 and I1I8 merely arranged in series in the drawings but quite susceptible of a multiple arrangement with the motor I0 if desired. I

It is true that the floatoperated electric switch I I1-I8 automatically br'aks the electric circuit I6 and stops the electric motor I0 and pump 9 when the latch 34 releases the power means 3| for closing the valve 'I. Even so, the additional safety factor in the valve-operated switch 45-46r is interposed so as not to be entirely dependent upon operation ofd the switch I'I-I8 and this additional factor insures against breaking or sticking of the float operated switch I1-I8. In

this way, the pressure applied to the fuel to lift it to the gravity-feed chamber 5 is always removed when the valve 1 is closed and dangeris thus reduced to a minimum.

' 'I'he printed diagram of various levels shown in the chamber 5 simply aids an understanding of the inventior and it is appreciated that the float 22, and hence the level or head of fuel in the chamber 5, preferably remains around the normal-operating level line (3) indicated as a normal, predetermined and preferred operating liquid level. On the other hand, the liquid level in the chamber 5 may operatively vary between the upper and lower lines marked (I) high safety shut-01T 'level and marked (2) low safety shut-off level without closing the valve l. So

long as the liquid level remains between the two upper extremes (I) and (2), the automatic apparatus will not functionv to close the valve 'I and open the switches V1I54I5 and I'I-I8. The

flow-regulator valve I3 should be adjusted .to a-tpart I8 then opens the circuit II by sliding off the upper or lower end of the contact I'I. AHowever, the switch I1-'I8l is immediately closed again by action of the float when the latter again moves back to its operating range, position (4). In other words, the circuit I6is opento "stop the upward iiow of liquid through inflow pipe 6 to the gravity-feed tank 5 when the liquid level tends to move above or below the operating range (4) and that action keeps the liquid level belowthe high safety shut-off level without likelihood of shutting down the wholel system which would occur if the safety valve 'I were closed.

l In the event that the normal-operating switch I1I8 fails for any reason to function, should it stick or break, or if forl some other reason, the liquid lev'el gets out of the operating range, the motor-operating switch 45--46 is brought into play by the level of the liquid the chamber 5 receding below or rising above the operating high and low level. Should the float 22 move above or belowlevel lines (I) or (2) then ultimate action takes place and the position of all parts is as shown in Figure 1 where both switches are open, vtheswitch 45-46 opening positively and simultaneously with the closing of the valve 1. When that action has taken place, the entire system is closed down and cannot again be startas the float approaches the upper or lower limits of the normal-operating level, and that the other switch 45-46 is a safety switch which acts conjointly with the safety valve l, driven by positively-operating motor means, to close down the entire system in event of extraordinary circumstances. This construction insures safety in fuel feed apparatus because switch II--I8 functions while the float is well within the .limits of the high (I) and low (2) safety shut-o levels, and both switches open should the float actually reach those limits. The float means shown are mere examples of liquid-contacting means or instrumentalities in contact with the liquid sensitive to its rate of iiow to detect a change in rate of flow to govern the automatic mechanism.Y

-A description will now be given of the second anda preferred form of the invention shown in Figures 2 to 11 inclusive.v In this connection, a hydraulic-pumping means is shown for elevating fuel from a storage tank 53, usually placed underground, to the gravity-feed supply apparatus. The hydraulic system is controlled by an electric circuit 6I and is similar in that respect to the pumping system shown in Figure 1. There is employed an electrical circuit and switch means quite similar to that of Figure l, except that in Figures 2 through 11 the electric circuit is merely used for opening and closing a water-inlet valve 58 instead of stopping and starting a motor I0 as in Figure 1, and that water valve stops and starts the hydraulic lifting of the fuel from the source of supply 53 to the gravity-'feed chamber 56 of the apparatus.

While neither the hydraulic-pumping or liquid elevating system per se, shown in Figures 1 and 2 through 11, respectively,-alone constitutes the invention, still they are briefly described as a background and to show them in the general inventive combination. The underground tankt53 stores fuel or the liquid to be handled and a water pipe 54 is connected with this tank. The other end `of the pipe 54 connects with the city or other source of water supply, and water is fed through the pipe 5d into the'botom of the tank 53 to float or displace the fuel on top of the water, as is well known,

up through an inow pipe 55 connected at the top' of the storage tank 53, and said pipe 55 l'eads to a gravity feed receiving chamber 56 used for the same purpose as the chamber 5 described in power driven means energized by current transmitted over an electric circuit'BI. Upon opening or breaking the electric circuit 6l and deenergizing the solenoid or other motor means 68, it follows that a spring 62 positively returns the valve head 59 to its closed position to stop the flow of Water from the city or other 'water source 54 into the storage tank 3, and hence discontinue the hydraulic lifting of gasoline upwardly through the iniiow pipe 55 to the gravity-feed chamber 56. Thecircuit 6I may be controlled by an improved switch means in series and having the same general purposes in view as already explained in Figure l.. The valve 58 is open in Figurez and water is flowing into tank 53 under the fuel therein and floating it on top of the water and upwardly through pipe 55, through the open valve 1, into the overhead chamber 56.

The automatic control apparatus for this fuel supply system is designed to maintain substantially a constant and uniform liquid head and hence a continuous and uniform pressure through the discharge pipe 64 to the apparatus being fueled so as to avoid anunnecessarily large receiving chamber 56, and it is desired to restrict the size of this overhead gravity-feed receptacle 58 so that a limited supply of fuel is carried outside the underground tank 53 for obvious reasons. A gravity-feed or discharge pipe 64 connects with the lower part of chamber 56 and feeds fuel by gravity to engines or other places of consumption not shown. An upturned vent pipe 65 is attached to the upper portion of the chamber 56 to remove all pressure by venting the space above the normal-operating liquid level in the chamber. The automatic control of the liquid level in the chamber 56 prevents fuel from wasting outwardly through the vent pipe 65 and similarly prevents leakage or waste downwardly through the discharge pipe 64 bystopping the iniiow of fuel upwardly through pipe 55 in case the feed through pipe 64 should become excessive. In other words, there must be an equalization of flow in the piping system 55--64 else the apparatus stops the flow entirely, due to the difference in rate of flow. This difference in ow rate is eliminated by the operator or tester in charge who finely adjusts the flow-regulator valve I3 (detailed in Figure 8) to equalize the reception of liquid through pipe 55 with the outgoing liquid through pipe 64.

The inflow pipe 55 enters the chamber 58 and may be turned downwardly on the inside thereof with a short length of pipe 61, thus pouring the fuel into the lower portion of the chamber under the float or oats to be described. A normallevel control valve 68 may, if desired; be included in the inflow or intake pipe line 55-61, and this valve is automatically opened and closed by a normal-level control oat 69 carried on the outer end of a rod which has its inner end operatively connected at 1l to the normal-level control valve 68 for opening and closing the latter within the range defined by the predetermined high and low operating levels designated at (I) and (2) in the several views.

So longk as the liquid level varies slightly, i. e., within the operating range (4) Well within the lines (I) and (2), and hence is normal the valve 68 itself tends to regulate the reception of liquid to the chamber 56 and the automatic means hereinafter described, as controlled by another or safety iioat 92, remains inactive. In other words. if the liquid level recedes toward the low safety shut-off level 2, the iloat 69 then lowers and partly opens valve 68 to admitmore liquid and-to hfing the level up to the central line (8) ,which inamanece dicates a normal liquid level. On the other hand, should the liquid fuel level rise, the valve 68 gradually closes until the liquid level recedes to a centrai position well within the high and low safety shut-off levels. Thus there is provided a normal operating-levelvalve and float control unit 68-68 which continuously operates quite independently of the automatic features to be later described, although-contributing to the general organization to make a positive safe system.

The self-closing. safety shut or cut-off valve 1 heretofore described is mounted in the inflow pipe 55 and is held normally open, as already explained, in Figure 2, by a locking means or lockopen retaining means which sets or tensions the spring 28, Figure 6', or sets other power means, the weight 3| in Figure l, thereby making the valve 1 ready for its self-closing operation. The latch 16 and automatic trip means 80 shown in Figure 3 is employed to hold the valve 1 in open position against the closing spring 28 or weight 3l. In this connection, the valve-operating shaft 28 in Figure 2 carries a valve opening handle 14 with a catch 15 engaged by the latch 16. The latch 16 is pivoted at its other end on a pin 18 anchored in a frame plate or bracket I1 which carries the principal operating parts for valve 1 and also carries switch-operating parts to be described and is attached to the side of the chamber 56.

'I'he latch 16 drops by gravity into engagement with the hook or catch and hence holds the handle 14 at the position shown in Figure 2 against the closing force exerted by the spring 28 in the safety cut-off valve 1. A simple form of two-direction operating mechanism is provided for disengaging the latch 16 from the catch 15 l to permit self closing of the valve 1 regardless of which direction the safety float 92 -overtravels, up or down, in its normal movement. For this purpose a release, comprising a two-direction lever 88, is pivotedat 8| on the bracket 11 and this lever ha's a cam which moves both directions, up and down, to lift the latch 16 in one direction only, up, during either of said directions of lever 88, up or down. A cam 82 on the lever 80 lifts upwardly on the hook end 15 of the latch 16 when the lever 80 goes down. In the same way, a cam 83 lifts upwardly on the latch 16 when the lever 80 swings upwardly about its pivot 8l. This two-direction cam 82-83 is rotated by the lever 80 and therefore acts to disengage the latch 16 from the valve 1 holding catch 15 regardless of the direction of motion of the lever 60. Therefore, as will be shown, rise or fall of the liquid level in chamber 56 may be translated into one motion, upwardly, to lift the latch 16.

A link 85 has its lower end pivotally connected at 86 to the lever 80 and has itsupper end pivotally connected at 81 to an arm 88 which is anchored to a horizontal shaft 88 journaled in a stuiling box 80 carried in the wall of the liquidreceiving gravity-feed chamber 56. The inner end of the shaft 88 has a float arm 9| connected thereto and the oat 82 is attached to the outer end of said float arm. This float 92 rides on the surface of the liquid in the receiving chamber 56 and oscillates the shaft 88 to reciprocate the rod 85 and thus control the action of the double or two-direction cam lever 80.

When the oat 92 and the liquid head or level in the chamber is norm l or well within the upper and lower safety shutlevels (I) and (2),

the valve latching and releasing\assemb1y 16-88 remains in the position shownA in Figures 2 and l3, whereby the valve' 1 is locked open against the force of its closingmeans. but should the liquid latch 16 upwardly to release the valve latch 16 to cause the spring 28 to automatically close the Valve 1 under its own power and is therefore not 'dependent' for its closing action upon the force exerted by the liquid level.

The operating shaft 29 1for opening the valve disc 2|/ of valve 1 also mounts a switch-operating cam 4 designed to hold a switch 95 closed sodlong l5 as the latch 16 holds valve 1 open. Any suitable foi/in of switch may be used but ordinarily a standard mercury switch is used and it is somefimes called a murcoid switch. A diagrammatic y form of mercury switch is illustratedby showing a glass mercury bulb 95held by a band 96 on a tilting switch arm 91. The switch arm 91 is pivoted at 98 in a switchl box 99 and a weight or other. motor-switch opening means |00 is used to open the switch unless it is held up and closed against the force of the weight |00. A roller |0| is rjournaled in the switch arm 91 and travels on the cam 94 lto hold the weight |00 up and main-v tain the,v mercury bulb 95 in tilted position so.

thata globule of mercury |02 closes. the circuit across the terminals of the circuit wires 6|.

In the position shown in Figure 2, the Valveoperating handle 14 is set to the left and holds the cam 94 upwardly which in turn has driven and holds the roller |0| up the cam 94to tilt the mercury bulb 95 downwardly to close the circuit 6|, and. hence the solenoid or other magnet means 60 is energized and'thus has lifted the valve head 59 to permit a full flow of water through pipe 54 into' storage tank 53, hydraulically elevating liq- 40 uidfrom the upper part of tank 53 through pipe 55, through the normally-open self-closing safety valve 1up through the flow-regulator valve I3, on through the normal level control valve 68, hence through pipe 61 into thev chamber 56.

When the latch 16 is tripped upwardly and thus disengages the catch 15, the spring and/or weight-loaded valve disc 2| in valve 1 automati- 'cally acts to close said-valve 1. The spring 28, of coursegthen swings the arm 36 and shaft 29, 50. Figure 6, in a counter-clockwise direction which also swings the switch-actuating cam 94 in a counter-clockwise .direction to lower the latter, thereby enabling the switch weight |00 to move downwardly since the roller |0| will now roll along the surface of the lowered cam 94. This action tilts the mercury switch 95 counter-clockwise on pivot 98 and causes the globule of vmercury` |02 to roll to the left end of the mercury switch 95, thereby breaking the circuit 6|, which in turn deenergizes the solenoid 60 and enables the spring 62 to automatically close thel water valve 58-59, and at the same time the safety shut-off Valve 1 is closed as just described.

The switch 95, the safety shut-off valve 1, and 65 hydraulic-control valve ,58, are all interconnected for conjoint .operation and the two valves 1 and 5B, simultaneously close 4as the switch 95 is opened. Not until'the operator attends toA the apparatus vby manually adjusting, resetting and starting it, can liquid again be pumped .up

through pipe 55 to the chamber 56. This requirement makes for safety since the-operator should now look for the cause of the automatic tripping action and make repair or adjustment 15 thereof, making adjustment at the now-regulator valve '|3 if the consmnption of liquid frompipf 64 has changed substantially.

While the one switch 95 may ordinarily be suflicient for all purposes of safety, still a second switch is connected in the circuit 6| in series with'the rst switch 95. The murcoid switch 95, in the form of the invention being described voccupiesthe same relation as theswitch 45-46 inthe first form of the invention, and-the secbnc' switch of this 4preferred form of they invention may beV mounted in a switch box |05 and comprises another mercury switoh of identically the lsame type as indicated at 95, and henceis noi duplicated on the drawings. Suffice it to say that a switch operating arm |06' is pivot'ed at |01 in the switch box L05 for operating a second switch in series with switch 95 in the circuit 6| The circuit wires 6| lead, as shown, to the inside of each switch box 99 and 05 and connect ir series with a switch 95 in each box.

The same oat 92 which controls the action oi the trip and other parts including the switch l 95, may also be used to operate'the switch arm |06 and hence control a switch in the box 05. To this end, the switch arm |06 is slotted at |09 for the reception of a pin ||0 carried in anV extension of the arm 88 heretofore described, and as seen in Figure 5. lIn other words, the arm 884s operatively connected to both the switch arm |06 and the rod 05 so that in fact one oat 92 may'be employed to control two switch means 99 and |05 and the safety valve 1.

The two switch boxes 99 and |05 contain the mercury-switch mechanism connected in series in the one circuiti I. The one, two or more switches, as already mentioned, comprise standard type murcoid switches which are usually toggle-actuated in order to obtain a quick snapping action so as to rapidly throw the mercury globule |02 from one end to the other of the glass switch bulb. This positively-operating switch mechanism is protected in the twol ousings shown, and for simplicity one-switch on y is shown in a housing 99 broken away to show the switch 95 inV diagrammatic form.

Viewed from the end, as in Figure 4, it is more readily seen that the bracket 11 is mounted on a -lo'wer corner of the chamber 56, and the valve 1 is carried on the bracket under the chamber. The operating handle 14 is forward of the bracket 11 so as to be closely adjacent to the bracket and the latch parts thereon 16 and 80. The two switch boxes 99 and |05 are above the bracket and handle 14, and the rod 85 extends downwardly alongside the chamber 56 at the opposite ends of thev switch boxes to which the switch vweight |00 and the cam 94 are mounted. This lprovides a-compact construction. i

It is clear enough that the upper switch means |05, or as represented by the arm |06, as well as the hydraulic valve 584-59 and s afety valve 1, do not have to be set or adjusted by an operator when the system automatically shuts off all ow when the apparatus performs normally as expected without the operating range (4), but the switch 95 as well asthe valve 1, do have to be attended by an operator and manually reset, and this is accomplished by simply swinging the handle 14 from its then right hand position I shown in Figures 9 and l0 to an operating position shown in `Figures 2 and 11. However, a careful operator will not reset'the apparatus until he has discovered and corr ted the cause of its automatic stopping operation r, ii.' he does, the

apparatus willzagain close the liquid inflow safety valve 1, close the hydraulic water valve 58 and open the one or more switches. The operator, by removing the cause which sets the mechanism in operation or by properly adjusting the iiowregulator valve |3, will again be able to start the liquid supply system in operation and it will positively function until some dierential occurs in the rate of flow within the piping system 555-64.

Coming now to Figure 12 showing a simple embodiment of the invention comprising a new combination, there is shown a liquid-supply system which omits the safety self-closing valve 1 heretofore explained.

There are provided two tanks in this combination, one a large-size;storage tank and the other a small overhead gravity-feed receptacle |2| located above the storage tank. A discharge pipe |22 conveys liquid fuel from the small gravity-feed chamber |2| to the point of use, and a vent pipe |23 is provided in the usual way. An inflow pipe |24 conveys liquid fuel from the storage tank |20 to the gravity-feed chamber 2|. :A water-supply pipe |25 carries water from a city hiain or other source to the bottom of the storage tank |20 to oat the liquid fuel out of the tank |20 and upwardly through inflow pipe |24 to the gravity-feed chamber 2 A now-regulator or equalizing valve |21 is included in the inflow pipe |24, and is employed to adjust the rate of flow up through pipe |24 to about equal the rate of down ilow through the discharge pipe |22. This valve |21 is shown in detail in Figure 8. Any valve suited to this purpose may be used but the `one shown has a sealedin screw-adjustment plug incapable of being tampered with except by one in authority as heretofore explained in connection with Figure 8, where the seal I5a secures the cap l5 in position on the valve housing.

The electrical-control system includes a. circuit |29 to transmit current to a solenoid |30, which when energized opens a water-inlet valve |3I to admit water into the storage tank |20 to float the liquid fuel up torthe gravity-feed chamber |2|. When deenergized, as shown, the magnet means |30 allows the-valve |3| to be closed by a spring |32 as shown in Figure 12 or equivalent mechanism such as a weight, to stop the flow of water and fuel.

Any suitable murcoid switch or mechanical switch |34|35 may be used to open and close the circuit |29, and the switch is under the control of float means |36. The stationary contact |34 is slidably engaged by the slide |35, the latter being attached to a rod |31 which is reciprocated by the float means |35 through operating connections, such as an' outside arm |38 and inside arm |39 both fixed to a shaft |40 journaled in the chamber |2I. When the float |36 moves above or below the predetermined operating range shown in Figure 12, the switch |34A|35 is opened and consequently the inflow of' liquid fuel to chamber |2| is discontinued, but so long as the liquid level is normal, the inflow is continuous and consequently the discharge from pipe |22 is not interrupted, and the head or pressure is constant.. It is noted that a single link |31 acts to both open and close the switch |33-|35.

The invention fills a want felt for a liquidsupply apparatus having a positive feed at a constant pressure, and one which is safe against all hazardsmet with in handling liquid fuels such as gasoline and oils, or other liquids.

What is claimed is:

l. In a liquid-supply system, a chamber, an iniiow pipe connected thereto, including a selfacting valve, latch means to hold the self-acting 'valve to a predetermined set position, a cam adapted to turn in either direction and cooperating with the latch means to operate the latter, means connected to the cam and adapted to follow the rise and fall of the liquid in the chamber whereby rise of the liquid turns the cam in one direction and the fall thereof turns it in the other direction to release the latch in either event.

2. In a liquid-supply system, a chamber having an iniiow pipe connected thereto, a self-acting valve in the pipe, latch meansto holdthe selfacting valve to a predetermined set position, lever means mounted for movement in two di rections, liquid-level responsive means in the chamber and being operatively connected with the lever means to move the latter up and down,

and a cam on the fever means engaging the latch means and the cam being movable in either direction to actuate the latch meansin one direction only irrespective of which direction the lever means is moved.

3. In a liquid-supply system, a storage chamber of limited capacity, a valve connected with the chamber, Operating means to actuate the valve, a pair of pivoted parallel arms, an end of one arm engaging the operating means to arrest the latter from movement, a portion of the other arm being adapted to engage the iirst arm, and means conneared with the second arm and rising and falling with the level of the liquid in the chamber to actuate said second arm to disengage the other arm from the operating means to free the latter for movement to actuate the valve.

4. In liquid-control apparatus, a valve, operating means to actuate the valve, a latch means including an arm pivoted at one end and having means on* its other end to engage and hold the operating means against motion, a tripping device pivotally mounted against the arm and including an eccentric portion formed on each side of the pivot whereby movement of said trippingdevice in either direction effects engagement of one or the other eccentrics with the latch means to release the latter from the operating means, and means responsive to liquid movement to actuate the tripping device.

5. In liquid-control apparatus having a limitedcapacity chamber, an inflow pipe connected thereto, a safety valve in the pipe, motor means exerting a continuous force to operate the valve, a latch to arrest movement of the motor means, manually-operated means to simultaneously set the motor means and the latch in poised position ready for operation of the valve, a movable device having a normal operating range with means to release the latch irrespective of the direction of movement of said device beyond the means in the chamber responsive to the upward and downward liquid movement therein and lupper and lower limits of the operating range,

being connected with the device to impart motion to the latter, an electric circuit and switches included therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the inflow of liquid to the chamber,

vmeans foperated by the motor means tol operate 'one switch when the valve is operated, and

6. Inoat-controlled switch mechanism and the like for liquid-supply systems, a oat movable up and down beyond the upper and lower limits of a predetermined normal-operating range, an electric circuit, means-controlled by the circuit governing the iniiow of liquid to the chamber, switches. connected in the circuit, an operating connection from the float to one switch to open the latter when the iloat moves to the upper and lower limits ofits normal-operating range and to close the switch when the float returns; an operating means interconnected.be

ltween the iloat and another switch and not eiective on this last named switch while the iloat moves within said limits of its normal-operating range, including means to positively open said last named switch when the oat moves beyond `said upper and lower limits, and means holding said last switch open until closed by an operator.

7. In iloat-controlled mechanism for liquidsupply systems, float means movable 'in a chamber through a limited operating range having an upper and 4lower limit, a supply pipe having a valve connected with the chamber, motor means to close the valve, manual means to open the valve and reset the motor means, a latch to hold the valve open, an operating connection from the float to the latch to trip the latter when the float means rises above or falls below its limited operating range', an electric'circuit and switches connected therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the inow of liquid to the chamber; and switch-actuating means operated by the float A float approaches the upper and lower limits of its operating range and to close said switch when the float means returns therefrom and to open another switch when the float means moves beyond the upper and lower limits of its operating range but not to close said last named switch should the float means return to its operating range.

8. In float-controlled mechanism for liquidsupply systems, float means movable in a chamber through a limited operating range, a supply pipe and valve connected with the chamber, motor means to close the valve, manual means to open the valve, a latch to hold the valve open, an electric circuit and switches therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the inflow of.

liquid to the chamber, cam means operated by the float means to trip the latch, means operated by the float means to open and close one switch, and means controlled by the oat means controlling the opening but not the closing of another switch when the oat means moves out of the upper and lower limits of the operating range and thenreturns thereto.

.9. In a liquid-supply apparatus, a receiving and dispensing chamber and a valve-controlled inlet therefor, a oat in the chamber, a handle to move the valve in one direction, motor means to move the valve and handle in the other direction, an electric circuit having a switch therein, means vcontrolled by the circuit governing the inow of liquid to the chamber, a cam operated vby the handle to close the switch, motor means to open said switch; a single latch means to hold the handle, the switch, and the valve toset position ready for operation by the motor means; y

and means, including a lever and aca'm actuated fiby the float at the upper and lower limits of movement of the latter. to trip the latch whereby the motor means throws the handle and allows the valve to be closed and the switch to be opened. A I

10. In liquid-supply apparatus having a chain'- ber, a valve-controlled inlet thereto and afloat in the chamber, means to set the valve to open position, motor means to close the valve, a latch to lock the valve open against lbeing closed by the motor means, a cam under the latch to lift the latter to release it from thefvalve, a lever carried on the'cam, a connection between the lever'and the iloat, and said cam including va double eccentric means whereby motion of the cam in either direction imparts a force to the latch which results in displacing the latch to release the valve.

11. In a liquid-supply apparatus, a chamber, a pipe connected therewith, a self-closing valve controlling the liquid flow through` said pipe, latch means to hold open the self-closing valve, a 'pivoted cam cooperating with the latch means and releasing the latter upon pivotal movement in either direction to close the valve,vand means oted cam cooperating' with the latch means and releasing the latter upon pivotal movement in either direction to close the valve, and means responsive to a difference in rate of ilow in the system and connected to the cam for operating the latter in either direction when a predetermined diierence in flow occurs.

l 13. In a liquid-supply apparatus, a chamber, a pipe connected with the chamber, a pair o1' switches mounted one above the other on the side'of the chamber, a normally open safety cutoi valve under the lower switch and controlling the liquid flow through said pipe, a bracket attached to the chamber-under the switches, a oat in the chamber and arm connections therefrom to the upper switch, a rod extending downwardly adjacent the switches outside the chamber from the arm connections, a latch and releasing means therefor pi'votally mounted on the bracket below the switches and being connected with the lower end of the rod, handle means for opening the safety cut-on' valve and engageable with the latch, motor means to close the valve when the releasing means disengages the latch, and switchoperating means operatively connected with the safety cut-oil valve and lower switch whereby the lower switch is normally closed by the handle and opened by the motor means which closes the valve.

14. A liquid-dispensing apparatus comprising a chamber, apipe connected with the chamber, a bracket anchored to the lower corner of the chamber, a normally-open self-closing safety valve under the chamber-behind `the bracket, latch means pivoted on the bracket to Vdisengage the latch means `from the valve, a pair of series switch means mounted in boxes arranged above the bracket and attached tothe side of the chamber, operating means to operatively connect the which liquid ows, a normally-open safety cutoi valve controlling the liquid now in the pipe, an electric circuit having two switches in series therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the supply of liquid through the pipe, operating means sensitive to a differential liquid flow in' the pipe and a two-direction operating mechanism interconnecting the switches and valve and connected with the operating means to be moved thereby upon a predetermined diierential ilofw oi liquid in the pipe including means to open one switch upon a too great or too little difierential ilow and to close the switch upon return to normal liquid iiow, and means to open the second switch and to close the cut-oil valve at predetermined upper and lower limits of movement of the operating means, whereby the valve is open when both switches are closed and the valve is closed when one of the switches is open.

16. In liquid-supply apparatus, a pipe through which liquid iiows, a safety cut-oir valve controlling the -liquid flow in the pipe, an electric circuit having two switches in series therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the supply of liquid to the pipe, operating means sensitive tol a diierentiai liquid flow in the pipe; and a two-direction operating mechanism connected with the operating means and moved thereby upon a too great or too little differential ilow of liquid including means to open one switch upon increasing or decreasing diilerential liquid ow and to close that switch upon return to normal liquid iiow, latch means to hold the valve open and the second switch closed, and means to release the latch means to open the second switch and to close the cut-off valve at predetermined upper and lower limits of movement of the operating means.

17. In liquid-supply apparatus, a pipe through which liquid ows, a safety cut-olf valve controlling the liquid ow, an electric circuit having at least two switches in series therein, means controlled by the circuit governing the supply of liquid to the pipe, liquid contacting means sensitive to a. differential liquid ow in the pipe; and a two-direction operating mechanism connected with the liquid contacting means and moved thereby upon a diierential flow of liquid including means to open one switch upon increasing or decreasing differential liquid flow and to close that switch upon return to normal liquid ow, means tending to close the valve and open a second switch, latching means to hold the valve open and the second switch closed, and a two- 

